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The Impact of Climate Change on Weed Management There is a direct link between Climate Change and Turf Weeds which have serious implications on turf management in Australia. Climate Change is going to affect herbicide efficacy and weed distribution. Weed distribution will be affected due to the impact it will have on many plant functions of turf weeds. Being highly adaptable weeds will undoubtedly adapt to these changes, and this will raise a completely new set of management issues. Increasing CO₂, together with higher temperatures and variable moisture conditions, will affect the growth and geographical presence of turf weeds, and alsothe efficacy of herbicides that you use to control them. C3 vs C4 plants. C3 turf weeds will benefit from rising CO₂ levels, but studies suggest, that rising temperatures will negate the beneficial effects of CO₂ on photosynthesis. Once temperature go over 25°C, this negatively impacts C3 plants because their photorespiration rate increases. Photosynthes
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Cracking the Code: Factors Shaping Herbicide Performance. 34

Cracking the Code: Factors Shaping Herbicide Performance. 34 : undefined
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  Selecting a Fertilizer With over 20 years of experience in manufacturing and developing granular fertilizers here are some tips to ensure that you get the best possible value for money when selecting a fertilizer. One of the perpetual debates in the turf and amenity industry with selecting a  fertilizer  is whether granulated homogenous fertilizers give a more accurate application at a prescribed rate than blends of similar analysis. What is involved in manufacturing a fertilizer in the turf industry is seldom understood. However, several factors should be considered to ensure the result is a product that meets certain quality and analysis. From both an agronomic and handling perspective the physical nature of a Fertilizer is important. Issues such as “caking”, dust content, and poor particle distribution must be addressed to produce a free-flowing product that is dust free and stable under a range of humidities. The importance of Particle size in selecting a fertilizer. Particle siz
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  Bio-stimulant use in turf. Increasingly bio-stimulant use in turf is becoming common as turf managers become aware of the impact of many synthetic fertilizers and pesticides on the environment. However, there is a constant stream of new products coming onto the market all making claims which are often unfounded and with no supporting data. This is an article outlining some of the options available and what they can potentially do for you. What options are there for bio-stimulant use in turf? Despite only being used in minute quantities bio-stimulants give a favourable response with common commercial bio-stimulants being combinations of: Humic substances; Plant hormones; Seaweed extracts; Amino acids and lastly True biological stimulants. Click on the link above for more info
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How do I keep my turf green over winter?

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Turf managers commonly use turf pigment and colorants for improving the appearance of sports turf areas. These are cheaper than oversowing, without the issues of removing an overseeded grass from warm-season turf. The use of pigments also occurs in fungicides for promoting plant health benefits e.g Bayer with their   Stressgard® technology . Available pigments include  Vertmax® ,  Vertmax Duo® , Green Pig®, Sensi-Pro®, and BASF ‘s Vision Pro®. These are based on copper phthalocyanine with variations in active concentration affecting their rates of application. To better understand how these products perform, numerous studies have been carried out at  North Carolina State University  and more recently in Sydney, Australia by Gilba Solutions. Why use turf pigment? These offer a viable low-cost alternative to overseeding warm-season grasses. Drought-resistant cool-season grass varieties used for overseeding have made spring transition more difficult. Pigments also aid plant growth by incr
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Non target fungicide effects - are you just creating more problems down the road?

It is increasingly commonplace in the turf industry for Managers to try and do the right thing in relation to  monitoring the environmental impact and using lower risk inputs,  whether these  be  for example fungicides or fertilizers .  Gone are the days of the mercuric fungicides! This is an  admirable approach  but a major issue  is that there is little by way of good information on the non - target impact of preventative (or curative for that matter) programmes.   Spraying to manage one disease can in fact encourage other diseases. In 1995 Eric Nelson discussed the  non-target  effects of fungicides in depth. The actual manner in which this disease enhancement occurs depends on the specific environment  in which  applications are made.   The main reason this occur s  is that by spraying to deal with a fungal pathogen, you in turn cause a reduction in  competition from other  non-p athogenic antagonistic microbes. This reduction leads other pathogenic species  to  proliferate  and be
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Fungicide use in the turf industry - prevention or cure?

A recent trend in the turf industry has been one of prevention is better than cure and this appears to have been driven by a combination of chemical manufacturers together with their suppliers. I am not arguing that this is an admirable approach and one that could lead to a reduction in some problems developing. However, there are three issues I have with this. Firstly, surely if prevention is better than cure this should be taken literally and not be based entirely on liberal applications of chemicals, on the off chance that it will prevent any potential disease or pest infestation from occurring?   Surely you wouldn’t pump antibiotics or other medications into your system on the off chance that you might get an infection, would you? The second issue is one of pure economics. If prevention is better than cure surely the starting point for this is the health and nutrition of the plant (and the soil) rather than a blind reliance on chemicals for this? In the same way, a balanced die
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